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Билеты по теор. грамматика

Билеты 40. The category of aspect.

Внешний вид is a grammatically category that expresses the speakers ' corner interpretation of the internal character of the action in its relation to features such as internal limit, результат, продолжительность, итерации и др. These features may find both a grammatical and a лексический expression in languages. The grammatical category of aspect also displays an idioethnic character as different languages may choose different features of action for the basis of the grammatical category of aspect.

The grammatical category of aspect in English has at its basis a different feature of action, that of duration and is constituted on the basis of the opposition of течение неопределенного срока and Continuous forms of the глагол. This opposition обнимает the whole class of English порядковые числительные-временные маркеры both the готовой forms and the forms of the Инфинитивами.

The формальный маркер of the Continuous form is the discontinuous morpheme be ----- ing (one of the few morphemes which has no allomorphs). The семантический маркер, i.e. the meaning of the Continuous form is limited duration, or process. ,e.g.

1)What are you doing here?

-1 work here (M. Dickens).

The analysis of the difference between the semantics of the opposed forms of the внешний вид shows that the forms of the Continuous aspect часто означать действий, которые непосредственно perceived by the speaker (they are perceived in the process of their случилось, this is why this meaning is called 'limited duration') whereas the течение неопределенного срока forms are used to означать actions /events/states which may not be directly perceived but rather known to the speaker.

The meaning of duration, under the influence of various контекстное and pragmatic factors may be modified and presented by a number of syntagmatic meanings, или варианты. The most common syntagmatic meanings имеет:

1) Simultaneity to another action. This meaning is actualized in the structure of composite sentence or a sequence of sentences, e.g. Кот был все еще straining to get behind the cyst, по-прежнему спокойный, острый, unruffled...

2) temporary character of a state or a качества, это.g. Ренни решил, that she -was being глупый and possibly neurotic as well (M. Atwood);

3) Интенсивность. This meaning is usually found порядковые числительные-временные маркеры with sense of perception, desirability and liking/disliking.