The analysis of potential impact on the Russian economy due to the government support of small business based on software industry.

For example, in some regions, a Coordinating Council on lobbying for small business interests was established. It should be noted that in the framework of business associations, lobbying for interests is poorly developed.With the onset of the crisis, resources have become limited, primarily in the area of ​​budget financing. As a result, all interest groups began to be activated, which began to create very powerful pressure groups to ensure access to budgetary state support. And since pressure groups of large business have approximately equal resources of influence, the intensification of competition has led, among other things, to the fact that interest groups have begun to actively use this method of lobbying, as open (in form) and indirect (in fact) pressure on access points through mobilization public opinion.Information processes and information and communication technologies play a decisive role in ensuring interaction between people, between different social groups and social structures, between civil society and the authorities, as well as in the systems of preparation and dissemination of mass information. At the same time, today, it is necessary to recognize that the role of information technologies on the basis of computer systems is increasing every day, which is due to both the expansion of information networks and their complication. One of the important priorities of modern information development within the framework of documentary telecommunications is the increase in the volume of data transmission, as well as the provision of security in the delivery of services. Ensuring information security is one of the most difficult problems of our time. To date, the problems of information security are multifaceted, concerning both the protection of individual information, and in general systems, their technological safety, etc. One of the important problems of our time is the technology of designing systems of a protected type. In modern conditions of development, it is important not only to protect an individual computer system, but also individual objects of information, personal data. The difficulty lies in the fact that with the progress of information and communication development, the progress of technical systems of hacking databases, separate information objects is also increasing.Analysis of the results of the expert survey shows the following:Table 4.1.Analysis of the ranking by factors12345∑1-1100,52,520-10,512,5300-112410,50-0,5250,5000,5-1Then it is necessary to summarize the opinion of all experts (Table 4.2.).№Фак-раExpertsAverage valua1234567891012,522,52,521,532322,322,53232,52232,532,5321,51,51,5231,521,51,51,8422122221,5221,8511221,51,521,51,51,51,5Thus, it can be seen from the calculations that the most important was the group of factors under No. 2 - related to administrative barriers. Thisemphasizesthatthisgroupoffactorsshouldbegivenspecialattention.4.2. Social benefits and impactsThe main task is not to achieve a certain share of the domestic market, but to ensure the information and technological security of the country and create competitive domestic solutions for all critical software segments (some already have such solutions). The goal of import substitution should not be the replacement of foreign software vendors from the Russian market (in some cases, it must be done by non-market methods), but rather the promotion of the development of Russian developers who must at the same time create solutions that can be won by foreign markets.Besides the construction of state technology parks, two very large projects are being realized in Russia connected with infrastructure for needs of high technology companies – Skolkovo, 3 km from the Moscow ring road, and Innopolis in Tatarstan. They will offer their residents a favorable environment not just work in, but also to live in. Skolkovo and Innopolis are supposed to become new super-modern cities. The official opening of the new town of Innopolis took place in June 2015, although active construction would continue for more than a year. However, there are already sites which can allow us to say that a new town has been built. In September 2015 mass study of students at the Innopolis University began, which according to a selection process from May to July, around 350 students were selected from 45 regions of Russia and 10 foreign countries. In October, sale of apartments in residential buildings of the town began. By the end of 2015, the Popov building had been completely finished, the Innopolis university building, the first part of the campus for students of 4 dormitories, over 10 residential buildings, medical center, sport complex, kindergarten and school buildings, a café, shop, power station, water pipeline station; construction of the Lomonosov building, residential buildings and city roads continued. On the 11th of January, 2016, the Lyceum Boarding School for Gifted Children at the Innopolis University opened.By mid-summer 2015, the Popov administrative and business center was completely ready for use, designed to house 2,500 specialists. Additionally, modern and high-quality residential infrastructure was created. Most apartments were provided for residents on the basis of rental agreements with all necessary selection of furniture and home appliances. Special attention is given to developing social infrastructure of the city. Judging from information on the city website, in 2017 around 3,000 people live in Innopolis, of whom 1,300 were employees of around 50 resident companies. At the local university of the same name, 600 students studied and 13 scientific research laboratories worked. In March 2017 Schneider Electric signed an agreement of intentions with Innopolis and Innopolis University. It is expected that the main spheres this center will be developments and solutions in the field of cyber security, localization of program solutions for the oil and gas industry, and carrying out scientific research. 56 IT companies have opened or planned to open their offices at Innopolis, including Sbertech, Bars Group, Yandex, Kaspersky, Acronis, RTK Labs, Tinkoff, Infowatch, Cognitive Technologies, New Cloud Technologies (My Office) and others. Over 12,000 square meters of real-estate have been rented, and basic infrastructure has been launched: 16 residential buildings, a kindergarten, school, IT lyceum, medical and sporting centers; there is a postal office, two banks, a supermarket, several cafés and a bar, a car wash and pharmacy. In May 2017, construction of a new living complex of six buildings with 700 apartments began. In 2017, 169 students of Innopolis University completed their studies. They received 284 job offers from partner companies (Yandex, Sberbank Technologies, MTS, Open Mobile Platform, Cognitive Technologies and others. Graduates of the IT university also founded 3 of their own startups: BeTrip, OWN and Anybots. Evidently, the town is growing and developing, but not without problems, which heads of IT companies of Tatarstan report. It is located 40 km from Kazan in an empty area which is not such an attractive place of residence for young people. Additionally, the effectiveness of work of a number of Kazan universities is insufficient to provide the required mass inflow of highly qualified personnel to the new growing town. It should be taken into account that this personnel is partially taken by successfully working technology parks of Tatarstan.Development is also underway of another innovation town that is being built in the former Moscow region in the area of Skolkovo (after the expansion of the boundaries of the Russian capital, it became part of Moscow). The “smart town” concept for “Skolkovo” in the summer of 2012 was created together by Cognitive Technologies, Ernst&Young, Cisco and Panasonic. Besides 3D modelling of building, it takes into account transport flows, security systems etc. It was initially planned to complete construction of the innovation town fully in 2017, but evidently the plans were reviewed. But subsequently a project was discussed in which budget financing of 125.2 billion rubles until 2020 is proposed. By that time, on an area of 2.5 million m², around 50,000 people will live and work. The town occupies almost 400 hectares, but allocation of additional land is already under discussion. Unlike Innopolis in Tatarstan, Skolkovo does not report how many registered residents there are in the city in a specific time, to track its settlement. Nevertheless, certain data that shows the realization of the project is published from time to time. According to the president of the Skolkovo foundation, Viktor Vekselberg, by October 2016 around 50% of residents of the innovation town had a market realization of their developments. Every day from all residents one patent application for an invention was submitted, and the share of international patents in Skolkovo is much higher than the average for the country. The total integral effect for the Russian economy came to 30 billion rubles, although according to plan it should have been lower – 20 billion rubles. The method by which this effect was calculated is not stated.Skolkovo and Russian Railways agreed on formation of a system of selection and acceleration of innovative startups to be introduced into the sphere of railway transport. The Skolkovo fund intends to provide support in looking for innovative projects and teams of developers among the innovative community, provide methodological support of organizing work with startups, and also to provide the opportunity for Russian Railways to make use of necessary infrastructure and services on the territory of the innovation town. The fund signed another agreement with Rostelecom and Nokia. It involves the creation of an experimental zone of the 5G network on the territory of the innovation center. Rosseti, the Skolkovo Fund and the French company Schneider Electric have determined the conditions of strategic partnership for the development of technologies in the field of localization, development and introduction of the program technical complex of systems of operative technological control of distribution electrical networks of the new generation. 1C company announced the expansion of its cooperation with Skolkovo which intends to develop its own startups on the basis of the innovation town. SAP and Skolkovo foundation have created a joint program for support of developers of innovative solutions on the basis of the open platform SAP Cloud Platform, and also a selection of materials for sale and promotion of solutions (Sales Kit). Until autumn 2017, Skolkovo was associated not so much with the location of high technology companies, as a place to hold large-scale and important events. News from the innovation town was primarily devoted to this. We can also speak of diverse support of residents – from money allocated by them through the Skolkovo fund to mentorship and assistance in promoting solutions abroad. However, many residents are physically located outside the innovative town, although they visit it often. At the same in the last few years it has become much more difficult to receive the status of resident than it used to be.4.3. Government opportunities and threatsНа современном этапе развития, несмотря на положительные факторы развития в области ГЧП, остается немало проблем (рис 4.1).Figure 4.1 - Types of problems of SMEs softwareTo date, one of the most important management problems in the software is the reduction of economic development rates, due to the crisis phenomena in the economy, which directly affects the development of this institution as a whole.At the present stage of development, despite some positive factors for the development of SMEs and the positioning of this institution in Russia, there remain many problems that can be divided into problems of two levels, external and internal.External factors include the impact of the political and economic situation in Russia affecting the development of SMEs. Considering the socio-economic changes in Russia, it is worth noting that both crisis moments and the political situation in the world as a whole have a huge impact.Currently in the region there is a process of reorganization of enterprises as a result of the merger of companies, that is, we can talk about the trend of consolidation of companies in the software market.The combination will achieve the following results:- reduction of operating expenses;- saving on rent or obtaining additional financial resources from the sale or lease of real estate;- Reduction of necessary investment resources in coordination of future software development;- ultimately, a decrease in the cost of their services.Among the problems hampering the development of the potential of SMEs are the following:1. Lack of investment, networks have a high percentage of wear and tear. The equipment on the networks is morally obsolete (it is not equipped in part with ANI equipment, almost entirely with the hardware of time-based cost accounting). Theft of cable networks.2. Imperfection of state regulation of tariffs for services of subjects of natural monopolies.3. The imperfection of the mechanism for agreeing technical conditions for the connection of alternative operators to the public network. One of the important problems, which remains unsolved and to date, is the problem of technological order. The state should adequately act as a subject of technological modernization, that is, manifest itself as a spiritual entity, and not just as a bureaucratic mechanism.Currently, in Russia and in Moscow in particular, the Government Relations Management (GR) is gaining popularity - one of the areas of communication management, whose goal is to harmonize the interests of organizations with the interests of public authorities at various levels to reduce risks and ensure sustainable development. However, it is worth acknowledging that today, in the public, and often in the business sense, the sphere of "ties with public authorities", "lobbyism" is still associated with corruption and bribery.The state needs information. This is the case when the resources available to the authorities are limited. And even if the state is well informed, it may have insufficient experience in certain areas, therefore the state also seeks to cooperate with business in the implementation of its policy.With a properly constructed system of relations, it is easier to negotiate the issuance of permits for activities, licenses, changes in legislative regulation. To date, the main measures to improve the activities of organized groups in Russia include improvement of the legal framework, organizational activities of interest groups. The practice of the activities of organized interest groups at the present stage has already taken shape, and today it is already possible to talk about certain results and opportunities for representing their interests in government bodies. However, there are still a number of problems.The legal framework governing the organized interest groups of SMEs, as well as their activities, needs further development. The improvement of the regulatory and legal regulation, first of all, is seen in the adoption of the law on lobbying, which is still in Russia, is not adopted. In order to improve regulatory and legal regulation, it would be advisable:- Adopt a law on lobbying;- To adopt the Concept of interaction between authorities and organized interest groups of SMEs;- At the regional level and the level of local self-government, proceeding from the specifics of the development of the municipal formation, to develop and adopt a Strategy for the interaction of local government authorities and organized interest groups of SMEs.The authorities must present to the public a work plan and a cooperation program capable of gathering people for the joint implementation of this plan. To improve the decision-making in the field of effective interaction between organized interest groups of SMEs and the government, it is necessary to develop a unified concept of interaction between executive authorities and the public. This will allow more coordinated actions (see Figure 4.2).Fig. 4.2 - The concept of interaction between business and governmentProceeding from this, the coordinating role of the authorities should be strengthened. According to some researchers, the efficiency of GR departments today in Russia as a whole is low. It is dominated by a non-institutional approach and focus exclusively on personal ties.In the business community, the GR institute has hopes as a tool for civilized lobbying, although GR is just a technology that is indifferent to moral imperatives.Undoubtedly, the primary task is the development of a normative act that regulates not only the mechanism, but also the status of subjects of Russian lobbyism.The authorities should develop plans for joint meetings of representatives of government bodies and organized interest groups for effective interaction with each other (Fig.4.3.).-Development of a plan for joint meetings of regional and municipal authorities and organized interest groups of SMEs- Coordination of confrontations- Development of strategic goals based on the Concept- Development of management decisions based on a balanced approach to balance the interests of the authorities and interest groups of entrepreneursFig. 4.3. Optimizing the interaction of business and government in improving the capacity of SMEsIn the framework of improving lobbying in Russia, it is also necessary to implement:- improving the access system of organized interest groups of SMEs within the legal framework to the authorities;- to introduce control (initially at the level of law), then organizationally for shadow lobbies, a clear wording of the law on illegal promotion of interests is necessary;- development of the information and communication system, in this case it is necessary to have as much information as possible on the possibility to promote interests, as well as on the activities of organized interest groups as a whole.- Within the framework of the lobby itself, it is necessary to improve the practice of GR.Another initiative that will need to be implemented is the strengthening of the control powers of the authorities. That is, it is necessary to strengthen state control over organized interest groups of SMEs. But this control can be strengthened only in the case of regulatory and legal regulation of lobbying activities. Accordingly, the law on lobbying must first be adopted, which will set many relations between the authorities and organized interest groups in their places. Within the framework of directly organized interest groups, it is necessary to improve the practice of GR. To date, many large companies have long recognized the need for not just GR departments in their organizational structure, but also for a number of GR agencies. However, the share of such companies is still too small, these are mostly large companies. Accordingly, at the level of organized interest groups, the most important task for the future is the improvement of GR technologies, the creation of GR departments and, in general, the improvement of the activities of specific employees who are directly engaged in promoting the interests of a particular company.The process of further development prospects involves the development of basic technology services in the provision of software services, the creation of an even greater number of regional information and analytical centers for the provision of documentary telecommunication services, the efficiency of equipment and the introduction of innovative ways of data transmission within the framework of software services (Figure 4.4.).Realization of current and strategic planning of resources, increase of ACCUMULATION and increase of QUALITY of software on the basis of principles of import substitutionFig. 4.4.The trends in software market development based on the potential of SMEsIn Fig.4.4.specific development trends for the period from the end of 2018 to 2020 are presented. Until the end of 2018:- the formation of a technical task for the creation of new information systems on an innovative basis;- consolidation of the services market;- purchase of new equipment and expansion of opportunities;- launching pilot projects for new softwareThe main trends in the development of the software market until 2020 will be the following:- consolidation of companies;- replacement of software systems by domestic ones;- Increase of information security due to import substitution;- innovative basis of activity.Improving the instruments of state support. State support for the software industry in Russia, despite the currently available gaps, will continue to be implemented in accordance with global trends:- Prolongation of tax benefits for IT companies accredited by the Ministry of Communications (reduction of insurance tariffs,- a simplified way of accounting for the costs of acquiring computer equipment). In the future, this measure will be unlimited;- Further development of the necessary infrastructure: technology parks, business incubators, business accelerators, etc .;- Opening of innovation centers at known Russian higher educational institutions;- Potential organization of specialized venture funds with state participation to finance promising IT projects;- Improvement of the mechanisms of currency and customs regulation;  Potential creation of a program of marketing support for software exporters.Thus, the export direction will develop, making it possible to gradually phase out raw materials exports. Prospects for the development of SMEs are related to the following areas:Development of circulation software;Provision of services in the field of information technology, in particular, custom software development, design, implementation and testing information systems, advising on the issues of digitalization;Development of hardware-software complexes with high added value the software part;Remote processing and provision of information, including on websites.Chapter5ConclusionResults of the analysis of potential impact on the Russian economy due to the government support of small business based on software industryIn 2016-2017 the state began to pay more attention to High-tech sector of the Russian economy. This attention, as a rule, manifested in the adoption of development programs and the allocation of budgetary means. But the main thing after all is how they will be realized. The Russian history of the last two decades says that far not all accepted programs were implemented. However, there were some who subsequently provided a certain effect, although, perhaps, the costs for them could be significantly reduced with a more thoughtful implementation. It is encouraging that all initiatives in the development of high-tech sector of the economy is supported by the President of Russia.The results of the survey confirmed the hypothesis, suggesting that for the overwhelming majority Most software developers have special significance for such a measure State support, such as "Providing tax incentives" (including benefits on insurance premiums). Other support measures have much more low estimates, which can be explained by their complete absence in previous years.It is possible that the ratio of software companies to them will change. AT In any case, the importance of such measures as "Support to the international marketing activities "," Stimulating software exports "and "Financing R & D" in the respondents' estimates in 2017 increased.2. Recommendations on improvements of relationship between Russian SMEs in software sector and the governmentThe nature of PPP in software is an important factor in developing the potential of SMEs and lies in the interaction of business and government, finding common ground and development of the industry, both for global and local purposes and tasks. In particular, in the global sense, for the development of the information space in general, the positioning and competitiveness of software products and services on the world market. At the local level, these are the goals and objectives of both the country and specific subjects of the Russian Federation.Under the public-private partnership (PPP) within the framework of this study, we will understand long-term contractual relations between authorities and business structures aimed at solving socially significant tasks and implemented in the framework of project financing on the principles of balance of interests, sharing of risks, powers and joint responsibility of participants .Analysis of trends in the development of PPP in the field of software shows that in recent years, business and government interaction has become a priority vector for the development of this sector. As statistical data show over the past few years, the implementation of joint projects has increased, new services are being integrated, and the level of people's access to software is increasing. However, a number of barriers continue to exist, among which administrative and legal barriers play an important role, which are expressed in bureaucracy in the development of projects, financial problems due to economic crisis, and also not always the ability of the regions to implement certain PPP objectives in the said industry.The identification of the general and special in PPP in Russia's regional practice showed that the software market, despite a certain decrease in the turnover dynamics in recent years, is still an investment-attractive one. It is worth noting that the general characteristic of PPP in the software shows that this market is actively developing. In Russia, in 2017, the dynamics of the market turnover again increased, however, which is attractive for investment, which is due to its quick payback and dynamic development.The identification of general and special in foreign practice on the example of Spain shows that abroad, the sphere of software development began much earlier than in Russia. Currently, the level of development of this area is significantly higher than in Russia, which was achieved in many ways using PPP on the basis of the program-targeted approach. 90% of the citizens of foreign countries solve all administrative matters by means of telecommunications, that is, the software is socially significant in foreign countries.However, a number of external and internal problems remain. The development of the software is affected by negative trends in the economy, as well as the impact of sanctions measures against Russia, which does not allow the software market to develop in full, and also to implement projects in full. In recent years, there has been a decline in investment in this sector, which is due to the crisis moments of financial and economic development. The main vector of development in the future is the participation and role of the state within the framework of the program-targeted approach, which is reflected in the financing of joint projects with businesses that are aimed at improving the level of access to information of the population and legal entitiesRussian companies to successfully promote their products, solutions and services abroad it is advisable to combine efforts at different levels – from production of R & D and marketing before interaction with Russian hardware manufacturers. As a result of geopolitical confrontation between Russia and the United States, emerging markets obvious demand for complex alternative IT solutions.The main measures for improvement should be:- First of all, at the national level, the adoption of a law on lobbyism and the corresponding law at the regional level, taking into account the specifics, which will create a legal basis for the promotion and effectiveness of the state and SMEs;- ongoing and strategic planning of resources, increasing accessibility and improving the quality of software services through increased import substitution is necessary;- it is necessary to formulate a technical task for the creation of new information systems on an innovative basis in the regions of Russia; measures to consolidate the services market; purchase of new equipment and expansion of capabilities; launching pilot projects in the regions - all this should be developed through interaction between business and government;- the result should be the following: consolidation of companies working in the field of software; increase in the number of regional service centers; increase in the information flow 3 times; innovative basis of activity.Bibliography