1)Проверка на антиплагиат должна превышать 60% 2)Объем курсовой работы должен быть 40-45 страниц 3)2 часть (расчетная)курсовой работы должна производится по определенным расчетам(добавила вложенный файл по которым она производится)

British painting in the 17-18th centuries (Британская живопись 17-18 веках)

1) Some Famous Illuminated Manuscripts.

It is usual regard to English painting as beginning with the Tudor period and for this are several reasons. Yet the fact that remains painting was practised in England for many hundred years before the first Tudors came to the throne.

The development of the linear design in which English artists have always excelled can be traced back to the рано illuminations brilliantly превратилась в irish монастырский centres and brought to Нортумбрии in the seventh century. Its principal feature is that wonderful elaboration of чересстрочной разверткой орнамент derived from the patterns of metal-work in the Celtic Iron Age, which is to be found in the Book of Kells и Lindesfarne Gospel, иппп Northumbrian equivalent.

The greatest achievement in Irish manuscript освещение дома, the Book of Kells is now generally assigned to the late eighth or early ninth century. The Book of Kells is a manuscrept of the gospes of rather large size(33*24 см)written on thick glazed vellum. Its pages were originally still larger; but a binder, century or so ago, обрезанный away their margins, cutting even into the edges of the illuminations. Otherwise the manuscript is in relatively good condition, in спиц of another earlier misadventure. The great gospel, on account of its wrought shrine, was wickedly stolen in the night from the sacresty of the church and was found a few months later stripped of its gold, under, сод. Finally the manuscript passed to trinity college, where it is today.

No manuscript approaches the book of kells for разработанных ornamentation. Чтобы continuous chain of ornamentation runs through the text. The capitals at the beginning of each paragraph--two, three, cour to a page--are made of brightly coloured entwinements of birds, змей, destorted men and quadrupeds, fighting or performing all ливии of acrebatic подвиги. Other animals wander about the pages between the lines or on top of them.

The thirteenth century had been the century of the great cathedrals, in which nearly all филиалов of art had their share. Work on these immense enterprises contunued into the fourteenth century and even beyond, but they were no longer the main focus of art. We must remember that the world had changed a great deal during that peiod. In the middle of the twelfth century Europe was still a thinly populated continent of peasants with moasteries and baron's castles as the main centres of power and learning. But a hundred and fifty years later towns had grown into centres of trade whose burghers войлок все более независимым of the poweof the Church and the fuedal лордов. Even the nobles no longer lived a life of grim seclusion in their fortified manors, but moved to the cities with their comfort and fashionable luxury there to display their wealth at the courts of the mighty. We can get a very vivid idea of what life in the fourteenth century was like if we remember the works of Чосер, with his knights and оруженосцы, монахов и ремесленников.